Childhood Obesity as a Global Epidemic

childishness fleshiness as a Global epiphytoticChildhood fleshiness has reached plaguey proportions worldwide and its prevalence is change magnitude e.g. In america, direct measures of proboscis mass and efflorescence obtained finished the national comfortablyness and nutrition examination survey (nhanes) indicate that approximately 15% of 6 19 year olds were classified as gravid in 1999 2000. This value was up approximately 5% from 1988 to 1994 (ogden cl,p1728) wholly of the books refers to similar statistics regarding childishness fleshiness.The list below gives some representatives of the data avail equal to(p) from the different sources.obesity has to a greater extent than doubled between 1990 and 2000 in britain.one in 10 six year olds (8.5%) be cogent.one in six (15%) 15 year olds is obese.if the up-to-the-minute trends continue, one fifth of boys and one third of girls exit be obese by2020.obesity is measured using the consistence mass major power (bm i) for an individual. This is measured through a calculation relating height to weight and age, and there ar concur figures for obesity.2 INTRODUCTION fleshiness is measured using the body mass index (BMI), for an individual. This is measured through a calculation relating height to weight and age, and there argon agreed figures for obesity.Childhood obesity is becoming a worldwide problem. All the articles that were reviewed suck up the rising levels but also look into wellness and indoctrinate policies to fishing rig the problem.All the articles also support family foc utilise nest for influencing dietetic habits of the children, as well as support and involvement of the communities. distempers which were only diagnosed in adults atomic number 18 now also diagnosed in the children, e.g. Heart distempers, diabetes, some foundationcers, hypertension and dyslipidemia. (vitale, e 2010)Children be not fully responsible for their own health choices and depose on adults to pr otect and nurture them. (vitale, e 2010).In South Africa grave and obesity are not restricted to only one macrocosm group or socio-economic group. The South African youth jeopardy doings study (www.mrc.ac.za/health advance.htm) showed that oerweight and obesity are very common in either age groups.3 ARTICLES REVIEWEDVitale, E. (2010). A School Nursing come along to puerility obesity an earlyish chronic inflammatory infirmity. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 32(1), 5-16Berg, Frances M. (2004). Underage gravid Americas Childhood obesity Crisis What Every Family Needs to Know. Preventing Chronic Disease globe wellness Research, Practice, and Policy, New YorkHartherleigh Press 464 pKristen, R. Howard. (2007). Childhood sarcoid maternal(p) Perceptions and Readiness for Change. The Journal of School Nursing, 23(2), 73-79Armstrong, M E G, Lambert, M I, Sharwood, K A, Lambert, E V, (2006). corpulency and overweight in South African principal(a) school children the Health of the Nation Study. 11(2), 52-64Steyn, N P. (2005). Managing childhood obesity a Comprehensive Approach. CME 23(11), 540-543Goedecke, Julia H, Jennings, Courtney L, Lambert, Estelle V. (1995-2005) Obesity in South Africa. Chronic Disease of emotional statestyle 65-78Ben-Sefer E, Ben-Natan M, Ehrenfeld M, (2009). Childhood obesity accepted literature, polity and implications for practice. International Nursing appraise 56, 166-173Saunders Karen L, (2007). Preventing obesity in pre-school children a literature review. Journal of Public Health 29(4), 368-375Van Staveren, T and Dale, D (2004). Childhood Obesity Problems and Solutions. JOPERD 75(7), 44-494 query TITLEA good title should give insight into what (what was through), whom (it was through with(p) to) and how (it was done)Vitale, E. (2010). A School Nursing cash advance to childhood obesity an early chronic inflammatory disease. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 32(1), 5-16What (was done)A School Nursing ApproachWhom (it was done to)Children with ObesityHow (it was done)As a Nursing Approach can be observation or questionnairesThe titles of the articles reviewed communicate an intent and findings of the research that was done for the articles.All the articles reviewed titles were specific enough to differentiate the contents of the research that was done, but not so technical that only specialists will understand it.The titles also describe the subject matter of the article e.g. a school nursing approach to childhood obesity a chronic inflammatory disease.All the preceding(prenominal) mentioned literature research titles were very concise and descriptive.The titles also prick me as reader and motivated me to read the whole article.PURPOSETo discuss the current literature in relation to childhood obesity and to provide health practitioners, especi altogethery nurses, with the fundamental knowledge that is imperative in the recognition of children who are at risk and thereby tailo r appropriate interventions.KEYWORDSThe following lyric was used as keywords throughout the articles that was reviewedchildhood obesity, obesity, overweight, nursing, nursing program, chronic diseaseThe terms obese, overweight, and at risk for overweight sport not been usedconsistently in the research literature regarding children and adolescents. Children andadolescents determine as overweight expect a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95thpercentile of the sex-specific BMI-for-age cometh chartsDEFINITIONSChildhood ObesityIs outlined as having a Body the great unwashed Index (BMI) greater as the 95th percentile.BMI = weight in kilograms height in meters2The BMI of an individual is correlate to the total body fat and percentage body fat.Overweight in childhoodAccording to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), overweight in childhood is delineate as having a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile, based on the current harvest chart designated for each gender.OverweightOverweight is gener aloney defined as an excess of body mass (in practice this is or soly body fat), whereas obesity is defined as an abnormal excess of body fat. For this reason, the Centers for Disease Control and legal community (CDC) uses the terminology extreme overweight instead of obesity when estimates are based on relative weight indices (like the Body Mass Index, see below) rather than on direct measurement of body fat.ObesityObesity is when there is too much body fat some other than the fat create from raw material in our bodies. It is also defined as an also mettlesome amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass.RESEARCH PROBLEMChildhood obesity is a worldwide spread chronic disease. There are much factors contributing to this chronic disease e.g. genetics, environment,metabolism, lifestyle and behavioural components.Overweight or obesity during childhood in most of the industrialized world, a childhood obesity epi demic is evident, with the numbers rising each year.Obesity impacts many lives male and female of all ages, races, economic background, and education emplacementWhy is obesity a chronic disease?Obesity is associated with naughty blood cholesterol, complications of pregnancy, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism (presence of excess body and facial hair), stress incontinence (urine leakage caused by weak pelvic-floor muscles), psychological dis lodges such as depression and increase surgical risk.It affects more than a quarter of the American population. Obesity may also causes other serious medical exam conditions e.g. cancer, sum diseases, diabetes, etc.LOGIC ARGUMENTATIONExamining the work of the the above mentioned authors on the childhood obesity issue, there are a genuine challenge to achieving, legitimate, cost-effective progress on childhood obesity. And if we are honest some why the childhood obesity problem needs to be at the kick the bucket of policy crystallisers agen da, the most compelling answer comes back to money.It is a serious medical disease that affects over a quarter of adults in the United States, and intimately 14% of children and adolescents. It is the second leading cause of preventable death aft(prenominal) smoking.Berg makes a compelling and convincing argument that the dangers of childhood obesity are real by highlighting the increased risks overweight and obese American children face for obesity-related health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and psychological disorders. She notes, for example, that from 1979 to 1981, the annual hospital costs related to obesity among children and adolescents were $35 million from 1997 to 1999, these costs rose to $127 million.Evidence from the literature provides proof of Bergs cl roles to the highest degree the reality of the dangers of childhood obesity and further supports her reasonings that American society moldiness take responsibility to reclaim the health of genesiss to come.There are many arguments that obese children will be stigmatized and that this will increase bullying, as well as leading to an increased number of children suffering from have disorders in the future. A number of people In addition, tang that parents should be able to tell that their child is overweight and that the money could be put to ameliorate use by doing something to help change the situation.Many consider obesity an individual matter. However, children cannot be accountable for their weight. The children have little knowledge about the anatomy of their bodies. Children will clasp eating if they see that junk regimen is advertise all over and ok. There are two principal(prenominal) arguments on this issue 1) Child obesity is mostly caused by diet advertisements, and 2) Parents are not doing their jobs.Some argue that children are growing obese, because of the characterization to sustenance advertisements. They believe that the government should step in and r egulate victuals for thought advertisements on children.A child gets obese not because he or she watches advertisements, but because they sit in front of a television all day with no exercises or any other physical activities. In addition, it is believed that the schools as well as government is obligated to fix the epidemic. The generation has a major problem that will result in statistical records of people with heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. A solution to the epidemic can be the corporation between parents, the industries, and the government.Dr. Peter Nieman, (2004) a practicing pediatrician, has identified collar of import causes of childhood obesity genetics, engorge and lack of exercise. He emphasizes that it is important to understand that the causes of obesity are often a confederacy of these three factors. Obesity if just not the result of a unmarried factor.As the government becomes more aware of the serious problem of childhood obesity, schools in the UK are now planning to weigh and measure all children at the ages of4-5, when they start primary school and again at 10-11, when they are about to leave for secondary education.Van Staveren.and Dales (2004) article Childhood Obesity Problems and Solutionsdiscusses the problems related to the epidemic of Childhood Obesity. There are many problems that could have led to this epidemic but in their article, they only discuss the main four problems.The Authors line up that the following are the main causes for Child ObesityUnhealthy food in schoolsNo policies on good dietary in schoolsUnhealthy food in family life andA escape of family responsibility towards children regarding their diets.There are many arguments that obese children will be stigmatized and that this will increase bullying, as well as leading to an increased number of children suffering from eating disorders in the future.A number of people, feel that parents should be able to tell that their child is overweight and that the money could be put to better use by doing something to help change the situation. be parents, most of the people ask what they can do to help their children keep their weight under control.Parents can set a good example by providing healthy nourishing meals and not eating junk food themselves, but it is important to allow some treats, as being over strict is likely to cause friction.If the whole family learns about healthy nutritious eating and try cooking new healthy recipes together, kids wont feel they are being singled out. It is also very essential not to center too much on food. Although it is an important part of life and can never be avoided, it should not be made the main melodic theme of discussion in the family.If the overweight children are constantly reminded of their weight and what overeating can do to them, they could develop an unhealthy attitude towards food. So the parents mustiness be sure to focus on other things, certain areas of life which are not stressful and which their child enjoys as well as good activities with the children e.g. jogging all together as a family in a park.People might believe that children eat no more calories than children 20 years ago. The fact is that, the increasing obesity rates are likely due to a combination of changes in both eating and exercise habits. Although the increase in calories has been difficult to define due to imperfect tense assessment methods, it has become very spend that children eat much more processed starch and sugar especially in the form of tonic coldrinks and other sugary drinks than in past years.Parents often need to compromise or negotiate with children in regard to their food intake, and teenagers certainly make many of their own food-purchasing decisions on the basis of, in part, advertising. Marketing food to children dramatically worsened their nutritional intake.The issue on obesity continues to grow everyday, especially in newer generations. Many are saying generation x and future generations as well are going to be the only generations that are not going to outlive their parents.Childhood Obesity is a major contribution to these assumptions, it causes diseases and many other health problems.Dr William J. McCarthy uses logical telephone line with his audience by saying many children in this generation are becoming over weight.During McCarthys interview in the video Project 1a, he tries to warn parents as well and, with the use of pathos, (Pathos is a communication technique used to represents an appeal to the audiences emotions ) by frightening parents into believing their child is at a high risk of a disease. He states, they are showtime to see diseases, which were really unheard,This causes parents to worry about their children and want to reduce the risk of them obtaining a disease. After hearing these facts parents may help their children eat fitter so they are not overweight and have a less(prenominal) chance of obtaining a dis ease.CONCLUSIONSFrom this review, it is apparent that obesity in South Africa is a growing problem in all sectors of the community, yet a finicky challenge in children and urbanised black women. To address this problem and the associated morbidities in South African communities, a multi-sectoral approach is needed.This should acknowledge changes in policy aimed at creating an environment conducive and supportive for change, such as the promotion of physical activity and dietary education in schools. In addition,The chance for primordial legal community of obesity, particularly in children, should be promoted.These prevention strategies should be culturally sensitive and encompass programmes to improve the Education, status and economic authorization of women.This assignment highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the systematically reviewed literature relating to the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Prevention is not realy discussed in the existing literature a nd no specific approach to intervention can be recommended. As prevention is generally considered the most effective, economical and socially acceptable approach to addressing the obesity epidemic, the need for clear principles upon which to base prevention strategies must be considered an urgent research priority.The reviewed literature can provide an evidence-based framework for preventative interventions. It is clear that preventative programs should complicate strategies to address diet, physical activity and behavioural change.With the development of guidelines in school health anguish the authorities should have a better discretion for the optimal spending of public money for the sake of the health of the childhoodWith the development of a guideline on the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood representatives of school health care in three European countries (i.e. Croatia, flanders and slovenia) can use the same methodology in order to elaborate common evidence- based recommendations for school health services in their countries. On top of these common recommendations, some specific advices were added in accordance with the government of health care and school health care in the several(prenominal) countries.Any country that has a high rate or increasing rate of childhood obesity must acknowledge core factors that set in to this serious health problem. Furthermore, public policy and community involvement that include all health professionals have a responsibility in the prevention of childhood obesity. This can be implemented through education, research and protagonism of all nurses involved with children and families.Guidelines on school health care aim at increasing the effectiveness, efficiency and quality of the preventive health care as it is delivered to school aged children and adolescents. They should contribute to a better health, growth and development of children, on an individual as well as on a population level.After being i nformed about the principals of the guidelines, parents and children should have a clearer idea about what to expect from the school health service, and become more conscious of their own and their childrens health.Any country that has a high rate or increasing rate of childhood obesity must acknowledge core evidences that contribute to this serious health problem. This can be implemented through education, research and health education by all the nurses involved with children and families.Obesity effects thousands of Americans every year. In order to watch a healthy weight and stop the spread of this chronic disease is by exercising and eating a balanceddiet.Dont become a victim of such a deadly disease